Non-UK-Registered Casinos: Licensing Explained

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Updated October 2026

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Table of Contents

The guide separates company registration from gambling oversight and explains what overseas licences can—and cannot—show about protections and complaints.

What “Non-UK-Registered” Actually Means

“Non-UK-registered casino” is commonly used to describe an online gambling site that operates without oversight from the UK Gambling Commission (UKGC). The more precise distinction is regulatory: the site is not under UKGC supervision. “Registered” can suggest a company-registration entry or a simple administrative listing, but neither is the point of this label. It concerns which gambling regulator oversees the operation.

That distinction matters because an online casino is a service, not merely a website address or a company name. A brand may present its games and account facilities through a website, while the relevant regulatory question is whether the gambling operation falls under UKGC oversight. Calling a site “non-UK-registered” does not, on its own, identify the company behind it or explain where that company is based. The phrase describes the site’s regulatory position in relation to the UKGC, not every detail of its corporate structure.

Non-UK-regulated casinos are typically licensed in another jurisdiction. Malta, Curaçao, Gibraltar and Anjouan are examples of places whose licensing frameworks may be associated with these sites. The jurisdiction named in a casino’s terms or promotional material therefore indicates an overseas licensing connection; it does not mean that the casino is registered with the UKGC. A licence from one of those places and a UKGC licence are different regulatory credentials.

The word “typically” is important. The label does not point to a single overseas regulator, and the examples are not a complete definition of the category. Two sites described as non-UK-regulated may have different licensing jurisdictions. Conversely, seeing the same jurisdiction named by two operators does not make their regulatory arrangements identical. The broad label tells very little beyond the absence of UKGC oversight.

“Non-UK-registered casinos 2026” is therefore not a precise licence category. It is a convenient umbrella phrase for sites outside the UKGC system, including non-UK-regulated online casinos licensed elsewhere. The year does not change the meaning of the term. It may appear in a heading or listing to indicate that information is intended to be current, but it does not establish a new kind of registration or a separate regulatory status.

Non-GamStop European Casinos: UK Guide

A further source of confusion is the difference between a casino’s regulatory status and its public description. A site may call itself international, overseas or licensed abroad. Those descriptions do not by themselves establish UKGC oversight. The useful question is not which adjective appears in the branding, but whether the operator is supervised by the UKGC. If it is not, “non-UK-regulated” is the clearer description.

This wording also avoids a common ambiguity in “casinos not registered in the UK”. Read literally, that phrase could refer to a company not incorporated or administratively registered in the country. In gambling discussions, it is generally used to mean that the casino does not hold UKGC oversight. Those ideas should not be treated as interchangeable: corporate location and gambling regulation describe different things. A company’s place of establishment is not, by itself, the definition used here.

The same care is needed with “non-UK registered online casinos”. The phrase does not mean that every such site shares one operating model, one set of terms or one regulator. It groups together services by what they lack in common with a UKGC-regulated casino: oversight from the British gambling regulator. The overseas jurisdiction may be Malta, Curaçao, Gibraltar, Anjouan or another licensing location, but the category remains defined by the UKGC distinction.

Nor does the label amount to an endorsement. Naming a jurisdiction identifies a possible licensing location; it does not establish the quality of an individual operator or tell what protections a particular site provides. Those are separate questions from the meaning of “non-UK-registered”. The terminology is narrow by design: it describes the regulator that is not overseeing the casino, rather than supplying a rating of the casino itself.

In practical reading, “non-UK-registered” should therefore be understood as shorthand for “not overseen by the UK Gambling Commission”, rather than as a claim about a casino’s company registration or a formal class of licence. An overseas licence may explain which jurisdiction is associated with an operator, but it does not convert that licence into UKGC oversight. The distinction is the starting point for interpreting the label accurately.

"Non-UK-registered" is shorthand for "not overseen by the UK Gambling Commission," and does not refer to a company’s corporate registration or a specific formal class of license.

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GamStop Is a Separate Question from Licensing

GamStop status describes a casino’s relationship with a self-exclusion scheme. It is not a licence category. A casino described as “not on GamStop” is outside the UK Gambling Commission’s self-exclusion scheme; that description does not, by itself, establish which regulator oversees the operator or whether the operator holds a licence elsewhere.

The distinction matters because two separate questions are often compressed into one label. “Online casinos not registered in the UK” concerns regulatory status: whether an operator holds the relevant UK Gambling Commission licence. “Online casinos not registered with GamStop” concerns participation in a particular self-exclusion scheme. The wording may appear similar, but the answers are not interchangeable. A GamStop status label is not proof of a licence, and an overseas licence, where one exists, is not proof of GamStop participation.

The same applies to live casinos. Live games describe a product format; GamStop status describes whether the operator is within the scheme. Calling a site a live casino not registered with GamStop does not add information about its licence or the safeguards available on its games. It only identifies the self-exclusion distinction.

What the label does—and does not—tell

“Not on GamStop” has a limited meaning: the casino is not part of the UKGC self-exclusion scheme. It does not mean the site has been assessed as safe, reputable or suitable. Nor does the label establish that a different blocking or self-exclusion service applies. Those are separate questions and should not be inferred from the casino’s name, its games or its marketing.

Online casino no registration UK: what it means

The reverse inference is equally unreliable. A casino’s regulatory status cannot be read from whether it appears in a discussion of Casinos not on GamStop. Licensing and scheme participation are different attributes. A description may be accurate about one and silent about the other. Treating “not registered” as a single status obscures the distinction that matters.

For someone who has chosen self-exclusion, the practical point is direct: an operator outside GamStop is not covered by that scheme. GamStop enrollment therefore should not be understood as a restriction that extends automatically to every gambling site. The scheme’s boundary is relevant precisely because it is not universal.

This also changes how words such as “best”, “top”, “safe” and “reputable” should be read when attached to Casinos not on GamStop. Those are evaluative claims, not regulatory categories. A ranking or favourable description cannot turn scheme status into a safety guarantee, and it cannot substitute for information about licensing or player protections. “New” is similarly descriptive of a launch, not evidence of oversight or scheme membership.

The phrase “online casinos not registered with GamStop UK” can suggest a database of otherwise comparable sites. In practice, the useful distinction is narrower: the operator is outside the UKGC scheme. That fact does not answer whether the site has another licence, what rules apply to it, or what routes exist if a dispute occurs. Those points require separate consideration rather than being bundled into a single label.

Players using offshore casinos forfeit access to the UK’s Financial Ombudsman Service and mandatory responsible-gambling tools, such as deposit limits.

The cost of being outside the scheme

The separation is not merely terminology. Players using offshore casinos forfeit access to the UK’s Financial Ombudsman Service and to mandatory responsible-gambling tools. Non-UK-regulated casinos do not offer UK-style safeguards such as deposit limits or self-exclusion schemes. The absence of GamStop participation is therefore not a minor administrative detail: it changes which protections are available through the operator and which formal routes are unavailable.

That does not make “not on GamStop” a measure of an operator’s quality. It identifies a gap in coverage. A site may present other controls, but their existence and terms cannot be inferred from the phrase alone. The key accounting distinction is between a tool being advertised by an operator and a player being covered by the UK scheme. They are not equivalent entries in the same column.

For people searching for the best online casinos not registered with GamStop, the word “best” cannot resolve that gap. A comparison based only on games, promotions or presentation leaves the scheme boundary unchanged. Likewise, a “safe” or “reputable” label says nothing by itself about access to mandatory UK responsible-gambling tools or the Financial Ombudsman Service. These descriptions should not be treated as substitutes for the underlying regulatory and support arrangements.

The clearest reading is therefore simple: GamStop is a self-exclusion scheme, not a licensing authority. Casinos outside it are not covered by its exclusion system, and that status alone does not establish the casino’s licence or overall reliability. Keeping those questions separate prevents a scheme label from being mistaken for a regulatory assurance.

Online Casinos with No Sister Sites in the UK

UK Law, Overseas Licences and the Operator’s Position

The legal distinction is between a gambling operator’s activity in the market and an individual’s use of a site. Under the Gambling Act 2005, the central licensing question concerns operators supplying gambling services into Great Britain. An operator’s overseas base does not remove that requirement: a company serving customers in England, Scotland or Wales must hold a licence from the UK Gambling Commission.

That rule is about the service being offered, not the address on the operator’s paperwork. A company may be incorporated abroad and hold a licence issued by another jurisdiction, but those facts do not amount to a UK Gambling Commission licence. An overseas licence and permission to serve the British market are separate matters. A casino site’s registration in another country therefore cannot, on its own, establish that it is authorised to provide gambling services in Great Britain.

“Registered” can also obscure the legal distinction. Company registration identifies a legal entity; a gambling licence concerns permission to provide regulated gambling services. A UK casino not registered with GamStop, for instance, is not thereby defined by its company registration status. GamStop participation and licensing are different questions, and neither changes the operator’s obligation under British gambling law. The term “casino sites not registered in the UK” may refer to several different things, but company location alone does not settle whether the operator has the required authorisation.

Legal Requirement

Under the Gambling Act 2005, any operator supplying gambling services into Great Britain must hold a license from the UK Gambling Commission, regardless of where the company is based.

The operator’s position in Great Britain

The Gambling Act 2005 governs gambling in England, Wales and Scotland. For remote gambling, the relevant principle is that operators selling into the British market need the appropriate Gambling Commission licence, regardless of where they are based. A site cannot avoid this requirement simply by hosting its service abroad or holding a licence elsewhere.

This means the legal position of an overseas operator is not determined solely by whether it has a licence in its home jurisdiction. The key issue is whether it is supplying gambling services to customers in Great Britain under the required British authorisation. A Curaçao-licensed service, for example, is still an overseas-licensed service; that licence does not itself become a UKGC licence. The same distinction applies to other foreign licences.

A phrase such as “UK registered casino sites” is therefore not a precise substitute for “UKGC-licensed operators”. Registration may describe where a business is formed or recorded. Licensing describes its regulatory permission to offer gambling. The relevant check for the operator’s position in Great Britain is the latter, not simply the country named in a corporate address or the existence of a foreign approval.

The geographical scope matters. The Gambling Act 2005 applies to England, Wales and Scotland, not Northern Ireland. A statement about the requirement for operators serving Great Britain should not automatically be extended to every part of the United Kingdom as though the same statutory framework applied identically. The distinction is particularly important where a site describes itself broadly as available to “UK players”: that wording does not establish the operator’s legal position in each jurisdiction.

The player’s position

The Act’s focus on operators does not mean that every action involving an overseas site is expressly prohibited for an individual. UK law does not explicitly ban British citizens from using gambling services licensed in other countries, and a player who gambles on an unlicensed site does not commit a criminal offence under UK law. That is a narrower point than saying that the operator is authorised to serve Great Britain. The two propositions can coexist: the operator may lack the licence required for the market, while the player is not committing a criminal offence merely by playing.

It is also not a general declaration that every overseas gambling service is lawful in every circumstance, or that a foreign licence makes a site suitable for British customers. The legal position described here distinguishes the operator’s licensing obligation from an individual player’s criminal liability. It does not turn the absence of a player offence into approval of the operator’s activity.

This distinction is relevant to searches for an online casino not registered with GamStop or for slot sites outside that scheme. Those descriptions do not answer whether an operator holds a UK Gambling Commission licence, and they do not alter the licensing rule for services supplied into Great Britain. A casino not registered with GamStop is not, by that fact alone, a legal category under the Gambling Act. The operator’s market activity and the player’s relationship to a self-exclusion service are separate issues.

Do

• Check if the operator holds a current UK Gambling Commission licence
• Understand the licensing obligations of the operator in the market

Don’t

• Assume a foreign license equates to British authorisation
• Assume lack of player criminal liability means the operator is licensed

What the distinction does—and does not—establish

An overseas licence may establish that an operator has some form of authorisation from another jurisdiction. It does not establish British authorisation. Conversely, a player’s lack of criminal liability for using an unlicensed site does not give the operator the licence required to serve customers in Great Britain. Treating these as the same question produces the wrong conclusion in either direction.

The practical legal check is therefore about the operator and the market it serves: whether it holds a current UK Gambling Commission licence for providing gambling services in Great Britain. A foreign company address, overseas licence, or claim that a site accepts British customers cannot replace that authorisation. Individual players remain responsible for checking the laws that apply to their location and understanding the implications of using an overseas gambling service.

Curaçao Searches, GamStop and Gamban Are Not Interchangeable

A Curaçao casino, GamStop status and Gamban coverage describe different things. Combining the terms can make them look like one category, but a licence jurisdiction does not establish whether a site is included in a self-exclusion scheme or affected by blocking software.

GamStop is the UK Gambling Commission’s self-exclusion scheme. Casinos not on GamStop are not part of that scheme. That is a statement about their relationship to GamStop; it does not, by itself, identify where a casino is licensed. A Curaçao-licensed site and a site not on GamStop may overlap, but the labels answer separate questions.

Gamban is also not another name for GamStop. A search for Curaçao casinos “not registered with Gamban” uses the language of a register, but that wording should not be treated as proof that Gamban operates a casino-membership scheme comparable to GamStop. Nor does a casino’s stated licence jurisdiction establish whether blocking software will restrict access to it. Those are separate matters, and one label cannot be used as a shortcut for the other.

The practical distinction is important. GamStop status concerns participation in the UK self-exclusion scheme. Gamban-related wording concerns whether blocking software affects access to a particular site or service. A casino’s Curaçao label concerns its licensing jurisdiction. None of those descriptions automatically answers the other two.

This also means that the phrase “Curaçao casinos not on GamStop” is not a complete description of a site’s safeguards. It indicates that the casino is outside the UK scheme, not that another blocking measure applies, and not that the site has passed any independent assessment of its conduct. Conversely, a reference to Gamban cannot establish that a casino is or is not part of GamStop.

Treating the terms as interchangeable produces a false sense of certainty. A site can be described by its licensing location without that telling anything about its status under a self-exclusion scheme. A self-exclusion status, in turn, does not confirm how blocking software handles the site. Keeping the categories separate avoids turning a licensing label into a claim about access controls it does not establish.

GamStop

UKGC’s self-exclusion scheme; casinos not on GamStop are not part of this specific system.

Gamban

Blocking software that restricts access to sites; its coverage is independent of a casino’s license.

Curaçao Licence

A specific jurisdiction of licensing that does not establish GamStop status or Gamban coverage.

What a UKGC Licence Changes

A UK-registered online casino is not defined by its company address. The practical distinction is whether the operator holds a current UK Gambling Commission licence for serving customers in Great Britain. That licence brings the operator within a domestic framework for responsible-gambling measures and gives customers complaint routes that do not follow them to a non-UK-regulated casino.

The difference is most visible when play needs to be restricted or a dispute arises. UKGC-licensed operators must provide mandatory responsible-gambling tools. A non-UK-regulated casino may apply less stringent responsible-gambling rules, and those mandatory tools are not available on the same basis. The result is not merely a different set of website settings: it changes what protections are required of the operator.

Data protection is another part of the comparison. UKGC-licensed operators are subject to the standards applying within the UK regulatory system. A non-UK-regulated casino may operate under less stringent data-protection rules. The treatment of account information therefore depends on the operator’s own arrangements and the regime governing it, rather than on UKGC oversight.

A complaint can also have a different destination. Customers of a UKGC-licensed operator may have access to the UK’s Financial Ombudsman Service where the relevant conditions are met. Someone playing at a non-UK-regulated casino forfeits that route. The UKGC complaint framework does not become available simply because the customer lives in Britain or deposited in pounds. The operator’s location and the currency used do not replace the licence that determines the applicable oversight.

This distinction matters when assessing terms that affect an account. A casino’s marketing description, payment options or use of familiar games does not establish UKGC supervision. A company may be registered in the UK without holding the operating licence required to serve customers in Great Britain; registration and regulatory permission are different things.

The financial comparison is therefore partly about the cost of weaker recourse. If a disagreement concerns account treatment or a responsible-gambling measure, the domestic routes and mandatory tools attached to a UKGC licence may not be available offshore. The lower level of oversight is a condition of the service, not an incidental detail. A label such as “registered” says little on its own; the relevant question is whether the operator is licensed by the UK Gambling Commission, and what protections that status requires.

“Trusted” Curaçao Casinos: What the Available Facts Can Establish

“Trusted” is a description, not a regulatory status. It does not establish that a Curaçao casino applies UK standards for responsible gambling or data protection, or that a player has the same routes for raising a complaint as at a UKGC-licensed operator. The label also says nothing by itself about how a particular site handles an account or applies its terms.

The distinction matters when considering Curaçao casinos that are not on GamStop. GamStop status identifies whether a casino participates in the UK’s self-exclusion scheme; it is not a measure of the site’s reliability. A casino being outside that scheme does not prove misconduct, but it does mean that GamStop should not be treated as a safeguard operating at that site.

Labels such as "trusted" are descriptive opinions and do not establish UKGC oversight, access to UK complaint services, or mandatory protections.

For non-UK-regulated casinos, responsible-gambling and data-protection rules may be less stringent than those imposed on UKGC-licensed operators. UK-mandated responsible-gambling tools are not available through the same regulatory framework offshore. Deposit controls and self-exclusion arrangements should therefore not be assumed to match those required of a UK-licensed casino. The practical value of any site’s own tools depends on their terms and operation, not on the word “trusted”.

There is also a difference in recourse. Players using offshore casinos do not have access to the UK’s Financial Ombudsman Service in relation to those gambling arrangements. If a dispute concerns an account, a payment or the application of terms, that removes a familiar UK route; the label on a review or website does not restore it.

A careful assessment separates three questions: whether the operator is regulated for the market it serves, what responsible-gambling and data-protection measures it actually provides, and what route exists if those measures or the terms are disputed. A favourable description answers none of them on its own. Nor does a Curaçao association establish that every casino connected with the jurisdiction has identical rules or conduct.

The useful conclusion is narrow: “trusted” may signal an opinion, but it is not evidence of UKGC oversight, access to UK complaint services or equivalent mandatory protections. For a non-UK-regulated casino, those protections cannot be inferred from the label, the jurisdiction named, or the absence of GamStop. A claim of trust without details leaves the material conditions unpriced.

Gamban Coverage Cannot Be Assumed from a Casino’s Licence

A casino’s licence and its treatment by Gamban are separate questions. A licence identifies the regulatory framework under which an operator claims to work; it does not establish whether Gamban will restrict access to that site. Nor does the phrase “not registered with Gamban” describe a licensing category in the same way that membership of GamStop does.

GamStop is the UK Gambling Commission’s self-exclusion scheme. Casinos outside that scheme are not included in its self-exclusion arrangements. That fact does not determine how Gamban handles a particular casino. The two names therefore cannot be used interchangeably: absence from GamStop is not proof of Gamban coverage, and a casino’s stated licence does not establish the reverse.

This distinction matters when assessing claims about UK casinos not registered with Gamban. “UK casino” may describe the intended audience or a site’s marketing, while a licence concerns regulatory status. Neither label settles whether access is restricted by Gamban. A casino could be described as non-UK regulated and still require a separate, site-specific check for Gamban coverage; the description alone gives no reliable answer.

The same limit applies to lists that classify casinos as registered or unregistered with Gamban. Such a label should not be treated as an official licence status or as a substitute for checking current information from Gamban. Coverage cannot safely be inferred from the casino’s country of registration, the regulator named in its terms, or its absence from GamStop. Those details answer different questions.

For a person relying on Gamban to limit gambling access, uncertainty about one site should not be treated as evidence that the restriction will work there. Equally, a casino’s appearance in a list claiming it is not covered does not prove that claim remains accurate. The practical point is narrow: Gamban coverage needs its own confirmation, independent of the operator’s licence and separate from GamStop status.

A useful comparison keeps the categories apart. UK Gambling Commission oversight concerns the operator’s regulatory position in Great Britain. GamStop concerns participation in a particular self-exclusion scheme. Gamban-related coverage concerns whether its restrictions apply to a specific site. Evidence for one category cannot stand in for evidence about another.

As a result, “casinos not registered with Gamban” should be read cautiously. The wording can suggest a formal registration system, but the relevant issue is whether Gamban restricts access to the individual site. Without confirmation specific to that site, neither a UK-facing label nor an overseas licence resolves it.

Licence Checks and the Limits of an Anjouan Approval

An Anjouan licence is not permission to serve every market. It does not authorise a casino to operate in the United Kingdom or in other restricted jurisdictions. A licence displayed on a site therefore cannot, by itself, establish that the operator is entitled to accept customers in a particular country. For a non-UK registered casino, the jurisdiction named on the licence and the markets it permits are separate questions.

The first check is whether the operator appears in Anjouan’s public register. The entry should identify the same company that operates the casino, not merely a similarly named business or a payment intermediary. A mismatch leaves the relationship between the listed licensee and the website unclear. The licence expiry date also matters: an entry that has expired does not establish current authorisation.

These checks establish only what the register says about the named company and licence. They do not turn the approval into a guarantee about how the casino handles player money or tests its games. Anjouan’s framework does not require independent random-number-generator testing, audits or segregation of player funds. The presence of an Anjouan licence should not be read as evidence that those safeguards are in place.

The distinction has direct financial consequences. Player funds are not guaranteed to be held separately from the operator’s money. If the operator fails, customers may rank as unsecured creditors, with no assurance that their balances will be repaid. A licence entry cannot remove that exposure.

A sound verification record therefore needs three matching elements: a current public-register entry, an unexpired licence and the same company name on the register and the casino’s terms. Even when all three align, the result is confirmation of a limited regulatory status, not proof of UK authorisation or a promise of financial protection. “Licensed” is a defined status, not a substitute for examining what the licence permits and what it leaves unrequired.

Verifying Anjouan Licences

Check Public Register

Verify if the operator appears in Anjouan’s public register with a current, unexpired licence.

Match Company Name

Ensure the company name on the register matches exactly with the name in the casino’s terms.

Assess Safeguards

Recognize that the licence confirms regulatory status but does not guarantee RNG testing or fund segregation.

Anjouan Complaints and Dispute Routes

A complaint about an Anjouan-licensed casino begins with the operator, not the licensing authority. Under Anjouan’s framework, the operator must respond within 30 calendar days. That sets a deadline for a reply; it does not mean the complaint will be upheld, that a payment will be released, or that an independent body will review the outcome.

The distinction matters when comparing the process with a UK-registered casino. UKGC-licensed operators can be subject to an independent alternative dispute resolution route approved by the Gambling Commission. An Anjouan-licensed casino does not offer an equivalent route. The Anjouan authority itself does not take on players’ complaints: it does not handle them, mediate between the parties or decide the dispute.

In practical terms, the complaint remains between the customer and the operator. The stated response period gives a point at which to assess whether the operator has replied, but it does not create a separate adjudicator if the answer is unsatisfactory. There is no comparable independent ADR process within this framework to take the case forward.

A written record is therefore important to the complaint’s handling. The issue, the relevant account or transaction details, the operator’s terms and the correspondence can all be kept together, with dates showing when the complaint was submitted and answered. This is record-keeping, not an additional remedy: it does not change who has authority to decide the case.

The central limitation is institutional. A deadline binds the operator’s response process, while the authority does not provide mediation or adjudication and the casino does not supply an independent ADR route comparable to UKGC-approved services. A player disputing a decision should not treat the Anjouan authority as a regulator-operated complaints desk or assume that the operator’s reply can be escalated to an equivalent independent service. The response deadline is a procedural requirement, not a promise of resolution.

Deposits, Bonus Conditions and the Cost of Getting Winnings Out

A non-UK-registered online casino may offer card payments, e-wallets, bank transfers or cryptocurrency, sometimes routed through alternative processors. A deposit option does not establish that the same method is available for withdrawals. Crypto can also bypass the UK restriction on credit-card-funded gambling; that changes the payment route, not the terms attached to a later payout.

Published withdrawal estimates are not consistent. One account puts processing at 24 hours to five business days, depending on payment method; another warns that a payout can take three or four weeks, with no regulatory deadline enforcing release. Neither estimate fixes the time for an individual account. A specialist review also reports that some operators set daily, weekly or monthly withdrawal ceilings, which can split a large win into instalments. These limits are operator-specific, not a settled feature of every site.

Verification can add further conditions after a withdrawal request. A specialist review describes cases involving notarised documents or video calls. Such steps can delay access to funds; the practical cost is time and effort, not merely a line in the terms. A payment method accepted at deposit should therefore not be treated as a promise of an equivalent cash-out route.

Bonuses require the same arithmetic. A specialist review reports welcome offers with wagering requirements of 35 times or more, while a 40-times condition may apply to the bonus alone, the deposit and bonus together, or a package that includes free spins. The base used in the calculation changes the amount of play required, so the multiplier alone does not give the full cost.

The same type of review reports free-spin winnings carrying wagering of 30 to 50 times the winnings, alongside withdrawal caps of £5 to £50. It also describes free-spin packages expiring within 24 to 72 hours. Those terms can reduce the amount ultimately withdrawable or leave too little time to meet the conditions. The cash value of an offer is therefore what remains after its wagering base, cap, expiry and withdrawal rules are applied—not the headline bonus.

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